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Vaudra [vo´ dra´] – French verb conjugation of ‘valoir’ meaning ‘to be worth’.

Brand - a trademark or distinctive name identifying a product or a manufacturer.

Broker/Jobber - in general, a person who arranges contracts between a buyer and seller for a commission (a percentage of the sales price).

C & F - trade term meaning ‘Cost and Freight’.

Counterfeit – an imitation mark which is identical with, or largely indistinguishable from, a registered mark.

Due diligence - a control to confirm the background, intentions and reputations of individuals or organizations with whom one plans to establish a business relationship.

Export - to carry or send (as a commodity) to some other place (as another country).

FOB (Free On Board) – Free On Board at a named port of export. The seller quotes the buyer a price that covers all costs up to and including delivery of goods
aboard a vessel at a port. FOB is also a method of export valuation.

Gray market – a market employing irregular but not illegal methods; especially, a market that legally circumvents authorized channels of distribution to sell goods at prices lower than those intended by the manufacturer.

Import - to bring from a foreign or external source; especially, to bring (as merchandise) into a place or country from another country.

Infringement – the unauthorized use of a trademark or partial mark that could potentially cause confusion.

Intellectual Property Crime (IPC) – the counterfeiting or pirating of goods manufactured and sold for profit without the consent of the patent or trademark holder.

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) – a generic phrase encompassing intangible property rights, including, among others, patents, trade and service marks, copyrights, industrial designs, rights in semiconductor chip layout designs, and rights in trade secrets.

Knockoff – a near or similar copy that sells for less than the original.

Lanham Act – federal statue governing the registration and protection of trademarks.

Parallel (gray market) imports – genuine goods which are legitimately manufactured and sold in one particular country, then resold to another country without the permission of the trademark owner.

Patent - an exclusive right to the benefits of an invention or improvement granted by the U.S. Patent Office, for a specific period of time, on the basis that it is novel (not previously known or described in a publication), "non-obvious" (a form which anyone in the field of expertise could identify), and useful.

Patent infringement - the manufacture and/or use of an invention or improvement for which someone else owns a patent issued by the government, without obtaining permission of the owner of the patent by contract, license or waiver.

Product diversion (Diverter) – moving goods through a commercial channel other than which they were originally intended.

Trade dress – the overall image of a product, including design, graphics, shape, packaging and labeling.

Trademark – a distinctive design, picture, emblem, logo or wording (or combination) affixed to goods for sale to identify the manufacturer as the source of the product.

Trade name - a name of a business or one of its products which, by use of the name and public reputation, identifies the product as that of the business.

 

References:
“Brand.” “Export.” “Import.” “Gray market.” Merriam-Webster Online. 2004. http://www.m-w.com/ (25 February 2004).

Hill, Gerald & Kathleen. The Real Life Dictionary of the Law. 2000. Law.com Dictionary. http://dictionary.law.com (25 February 2004).

TradePort. “Trade Units and Terms.” Trade & Shipping Terms Glossary. http://www.tradeport.org/library/a.html (8 March 2004).

Vaudra Ltd. 2004.